impedance
Builtin index · Signal processing
result = impedance(c, freqs)
Input: c, freqs · Output: result
What it is
c: a circuit; freqs: frequencies in Hz , not rad/s.
Overloads
One call shape — this function is not overloaded.
Code Input Output Description result = impedance(c, freqs)c — c: a circuit.
freqs — freqs: frequencies in Hz , not rad/s.
result vector
Returns a complex vector, one impedance per frequency — this is the forward form, which evaluates a circuit model; see *Measured impedance* below for impedance(voltage, current), which estimates the same quantity from two recordings instead. A zero or negative frequency is an error rather than an infinity: at DC a capacitor's impedance is unbounded and a Warburg's is undefined, and returning inf/NaN into a spectrum hides the mistake instead of reporting it.
Examples
From the documentation, and run by the build -- the output and the figure below are what the engine actually produced. Simplest first.
randles = series (resistor (0.2 ), parallel (resistor (0.01 ), capacitor (100e-6 )))
Z = impedance (randles, logspace (-2 , 5 , 200 )) # frequencies in Hz
nyquist (Z)
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
×10 −3 0.205
0.206
0.207
0.208
0.209
0.210
0.211
0.212
x=0.21, y=0 x=0.21, y=0 x=0.21, y=0 x=0.21, y=0 x=0.21, y=0 x=0.21, y=0 x=0.21, y=$10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$1.1\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$1.2\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$1.3\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$1.4\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$1.5\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$1.7\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$1.8\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$2\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$2.1\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$2.3\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$2.5\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$2.7\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$2.9\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$3.2\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$3.4\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$3.7\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$4\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$4.4\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$4.8\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$5.2\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$5.6\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$6.1\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$6.6\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$7.1\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$7.7\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$8.4\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$9.1\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$9.9\times10^{-9}$ x=0.21, y=$1.1\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$1.2\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$1.3\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$1.4\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$1.5\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$1.6\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$1.7\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$1.9\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$2\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$2.2\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$2.4\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$2.6\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$2.8\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$3.1\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$3.3\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$3.6\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$3.9\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$4.2\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$4.6\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$5\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$5.4\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$5.9\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$6.4\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$6.9\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$7.5\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$8.1\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$8.8\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$9.5\times10^{-8}$ x=0.21, y=$10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$1.1\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$1.2\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$1.3\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$1.4\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$1.5\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$1.7\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$1.8\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$2\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$2.1\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$2.3\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$2.5\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$2.7\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$3\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$3.2\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$3.5\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$3.8\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$4.1\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$4.4\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$4.8\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$5.2\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$5.7\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$6.1\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$6.7\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$7.2\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$7.8\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$8.5\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$9.2\times10^{-7}$ x=0.21, y=$10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$1.1\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$1.2\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$1.3\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$1.4\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$1.5\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$1.6\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$1.8\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$1.9\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$2.1\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$2.2\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$2.4\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$2.6\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$2.9\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$3.1\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$3.4\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$3.6\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$4\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$4.3\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$4.7\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$5\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$5.5\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$5.9\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$6.4\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$7\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$7.6\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$8.2\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$8.9\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$9.6\times10^{-6}$ x=0.21, y=$10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$1.1\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$1.2\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$1.3\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$1.4\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$1.6\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$1.7\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$1.8\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$2\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$2.2\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$2.3\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$2.5\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$2.8\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$3\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$3.2\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$3.5\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$3.8\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$4.1\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$4.5\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$4.9\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$5.3\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$5.7\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$6.2\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$6.7\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$7.3\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$7.9\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$8.6\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$9.3\times10^{-5}$ x=0.21, y=$10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$1.1\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$1.2\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$1.3\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$1.4\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$1.5\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$1.6\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$1.8\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$1.9\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$2.1\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$2.3\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$2.5\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$2.7\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$2.9\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$3.1\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$3.4\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$3.7\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$4\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$4.3\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$4.7\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$5.1\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$5.5\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$6\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$6.5\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$7\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$7.6\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$8.2\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$8.9\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=$9.7\times10^{-4}$ x=0.21, y=0.001 x=0.21, y=0.001 x=0.21, y=0.001 x=0.21, y=0.001 x=0.21, y=0.001 x=0.21, y=0.002 x=0.21, y=0.002 x=0.21, y=0.002 x=0.21, y=0.002 x=0.21, y=0.002 x=0.209, y=0.002 x=0.209, y=0.002 x=0.209, y=0.003 x=0.209, y=0.003 x=0.209, y=0.003 x=0.209, y=0.003 x=0.209, y=0.003 x=0.209, y=0.004 x=0.208, y=0.004 x=0.208, y=0.004 x=0.208, y=0.004 x=0.207, y=0.004 x=0.207, y=0.005
from signal-processing
How it works
A circuit is a model and carries no frequency axis; this is what turns it into data. Frequencies are in Hz, the axis measured data arrives on.
From the note above this builtin in the interpreter, where the reasoning was written down as it was built.